Means for receiving electrical oscillations.



W. SGHLOEMILOH & 0. VON BRONK.

MEANS FOR momma ELECTRICAL OSOILLATIONS;

I APPLICATION FILED MAR. 14, 1913. I

Patented Feb. 17, 1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

W. SGHLOEMILOH & O. VON BRONK.

MEANS FOR RECEIVING ELECTRICAL OSCILLATIONS.

' APPLIOATION FILED MAR.14, 1913.

Lfl8'fl89fi Patented Feb. 17, 1914;.

2 SHEETS-SHE ET 2.

iz fe j y #713149 I 2 5 which is ionized by the UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILHELM SCHLOEHILCH AND OTTO V.-IBBONK, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

MEANS ron RECEIVING nnncriucar. OSCILLA-TIONS.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed Kai-ch 14 1918. Serial No. 754,287.

Patented Feb. 1'7, 1914.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, 'WILH' LM ScHLon- MILCH and O'i'ro VON BRONK, citizens of the German Empire, and residin at Berlin,

5 Germany, have invented certain new and,

' useful Improvements in Means for- Receiving ElectricalOscillations, of which the following is a specification.

I Our invention relates to means for receivmg electrical oscillat ons by means of an arrangement by which the amplitude of the oscillations is increased to a suitable extent,

and which permits the use of a detector such a that the oscillationscan be perceived more 15 distinctly in the telephone usually employed for perceiving the oscillations, than was the lations into pulsatingfiirect currents, so

. that "they can be. perceived by means of a telephone or other suitable irect current so instrument.

A primary object of our invention is'to provide an arrangement for receiving elec-. trical oscillations, in which not the so-called valve action of such vacuum tubes for detecting the oscillations is made use of, but in which the vacuum tube serves only for increasing the electrical oscillations irres ectively of the change of the curve form 0- the oscillations due to the valve action of the 40 tube. To this end we arrange'that the electrical oscillations are not, as has been the caseheretofore, detected by the vacuum tube itself, but by means of special indicators, such as thermo-electric cells, or electrolytic rectifiers or the like.

Several illustrative embodiments of our,

invention are diagrammatically represented in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure .'1 1s a' diagram showing an arrangement comprising a strengthening vacuum tube and a detector circuit separate therefrom, Fig. 2 is a like view showing an arrangement comprising a detector connecte into the circuit'of the tube itself, Fig. 3 is a like view showing an arrangement in which the amplitude of the oscillations is repeatedly increased by several tubes, and Fig. 4' is a like view showing an arrangement in "which the amplitude of the oscillations is repeatedly increased by one and thesame tube.

In the diagram shown in Fig. 1, a is the vacuum tube which contains" the oxidcathode c which isheated by-means of battery b. The tube further contains the anode d and the auxiliary anode e which preferably has the form of a screen or net. f is the aerial and g the transformer -connected with the aerial, the secondary coil of transformer 9 being in circuit with auxiliary battery It, the .auxiliary anode e and the cathode c.

- Moreover a second circuit is arranged which contains the primary coil of the transformer 70, the battery 'i, the anode d and cathode c. The secondary coil of transformer 70 forms thedetector circuit with the detector Z and the condenser p, to which latter a telephone m or other suitable means for perceiving the oscillations are connected in shunt. The effect of this arrangement is that the radiated energy arriving at f sets-up oscillations in the circuit which contains the secondary of transformer gand that these oscillations affect a direct currentsupplied by battery It in such mannerthat the ion current flow- 'ing between the cathode c and the auxiliary anode e is increased when the oscillations occur in one direction, and counteracted when they occur in the other direction. By this. action not only the resistance of the portion of the circuit located between the aux liary anode e and the cathode c is correspondingly varied, but the entire ion current between the cathode c and the anode d, which flows with the current of the battery i, is influenced in the rythm of the oscillations. Consequently between the points 0 and d a high-frequency direct current of the same periodicity as the original current ulsates, whose amplitude however is larger t an that of the original hi h-frequency oscillations, because this ampl tude depends upon the potential of the auxiliary source of current a, which exists between the points 0 and d.

tor. supp 'es regular, low-frequency, pulsat- "or, when speech is telephony, irre Bi 3 shows an arrangement ca rods 0.

' tecting the oscillations,

. ulses or'currents arrangement is same gaseous current is used both for mcreas ducedby the aerial and which is chosen sufliciently highfor this purpose.

. In the. connections known heretofore the telephone or other sensitive direct-current instrument was connected in the circuit containing the source of current 2'. It is, however, obvious that in such an arrangement the relay-action of the tube could not make itself felt, because the high-frequency elec- -tric oscillations cannot, as is well known, directly influence such instruments. For deonly the relatively small unipolar conductivity of such gaseous currents accordingly came into consideration heretofore. According to our invention the relay-action of such vacuum tubes is utilized by adding a special detector" for rectifying the oscillations. In the connection shown in Fig. 1 this is effected by the increased ulsating-current being transmitted. with t e aid of the transformer is to a separate receivin circuit and being here rectified by the etector I so that they become operative in the telephone m. It is not always necessary, however, to connect the detector in a separate circuit, as shown in Fig. '1. If desired it may be connected direct y in the circuit of the battery 2', as

shown in Fig. 2. This is possible, for example, when a magnetic detector is used. In .the connection shown in Fig. 1, when regular im ulses are being transmitted as with r'ajdiot'e aphie singing senders, the detec- -m the detector circuit being transmitted in gular, direct-current fluctuainigdirect currents hkewise of low frequency.

of low frequency supplied y the redresser can be increased by similar. currents before they are supplied to t a telephone or to another indicating instru-' ment. A- specially simple and very efiective tained when one and the ing the high for increasing uency oscillations and also e low-frequency currents. for obtaini suc repeated increase by means of severa seous currents. Here again, a designates t e vacuum-tube having the 'oxidcathode c,'heated by the battery-b, the anoded-and the auxiliary anode e. The oscillations profin the winding 9 are supplied, as in the embodiment shown in Fi 1,.to the auxiliary anode e and to the The increased high-frequency oscillations then flow in the circuit closed by the source of direct current i over the oathto the detector circuit com anode d and are supplied from means of the transformer is ode a and this circuit by teetor l and condenser 1. intermediate to the oscillations will ciruL' t's fluctuations are suppresse These im-' .the tube a exactly in the same the high-frequency oscillations.

former g, is connected isecondary coil being rising the de-' dicating instrument m.

referablytbe provided. The low-frequency impulses or currents supplied by the detector Z are now supplied over a second transformer and a. second vacuum tube a having the cathode'c the anode d, and .the auxiliary c and are increased again by this tube, and the increased currents of low frequency are finally supplied from the circuit of the source of direct current '5, through another transformer g to the telephone m or other indicating instruments. Obviously the currents could be increased still further by additional vacuum. tubes.

' In the two embodiments shown-in Figs. 1

and 2 a battery of accumulators is assumed to constitute the source of current flowing between the anode d and cathode a, while in the connection last described with reference to Fig. 3 direct-current machines are shown. When machines are used it ,is necessary to connect choking coils r and 1- in series therewith. The direct current supplied by a commutator machine is, as is well known, not quite uniform, but fluctuates regularly small amounts. These ticeable in the receiving telephone as a disturbing extraneous noise. suitably designed chokin 'coils 0,1, these and the disturbances are thereby obviated.

The current can be amplified to twice its By means of the normal amount in a simple manner by means of one and the same vacuum tube in the connection shown in Fig. 4. In this embodiment the detector-circuit is again con,- nected over a transformer o with the highfrequency circuit of the coil g, the rimar coil of this transformer 0 from the condenser p of he detector-circuit and the secondary coil 0 being connected directly in the circuit of the coil 9. Accordthelow-frequency' currents are supby the detector over the transformer 0 in'gl P to the'cathode c and auxiliary anode e of manner as V In order that-the, latter may not be choked by the transformer o, the secondary coil has connected in parallel with it a condenser s which oflers no resistance to the high-frequency oscillations, but does not allow the low-frequency oscillations to pass without equalization. A condenser ofthe order of magnitude of about 5000 cm. capacity has been found suitable for this purpose. ow

in order to be able to supply the increased low-frequency alternating-currents from the circuit of the source of direct current a; to the telephone m,

in this circuit, the connected with the 'increased high-frequency branc mg 0 the primary coil of a trans- I A path for the inoscillations wh-ich; 'does'not lead over the transformer be made in this circuit of the source of direct current 2 by means of a second condenser t connected in fparallel with the primary coil of the trans rmer 9,. -By means of this connection we provide that the received high-frequency oscillations are supplied only over the vacuum tube into the detector-circuit and that the low-frequency currents supplied by the detector are supplied likewise only over the same strengthening tube to the telephone.

n 1. In an arrangement for receiving oscillations, the combination with means for re ceiving high frequency oscillations, of means for intensifying such oscillations, comprising a vacuum tube con aining a permangntly ionized gas and a circuit for conducting said oscillations through said gas, a second circuit containing a direct current source and the ionized gas, whereby said oscillations are super-imposed upon the direct current passingthrough said as, causing the generation of an intensi ed pulsating direct current of the same frequency as the high frequency oscillations, and means for per ceiving the said intensified pulsations, com-' prising a detector placed in coiiperativerelation with said second circuit and means connected with said detectorand responsive to low frequency current inipulses'only for observing the impulses produced by said detector.

2'. In an arrangement for receiving oscillations, the combination ,with means for receiving high fre uency oscillations, of

iying such oscillations, comprising a vacuum tube containin a per- ,manently ionized gas and a circuit or conducting said oscillations through said gas, a second circuit containing a direct current source and the ionized gas, whereby said oscillations are super-imposed u on gthe direct current passing through s'ai gas, caus ing the generation of an intensified pulsating direct current of the same frequency as the high frequency oscillations, and means for perceiving the said intensified pulsations, comprising a detector and a, circuit containing 1t, means for directly couphng said second circuit-with said detector circuit, and means connected with said detector and operating independently of said second circuit, for observing the impulses produced in said detector.

3. In an arrangement for receiving oscillations, the combmation with means for receiving high frequency oscillations, of means for intensifying such oscillations, comprising a vacuum tube containing a permanently ionized gas and a. circuit for conducting said oscillations through said gas, a second ,circuit containing a .direct current source and the ionized gas, whereby said oscillacoil in said second circuit, a detector in cir cuit with the secondary coil of said transformer, and means connected with said detector and operating independently of said second circuit for perceiving the impulses produced in said detector.

4. In an arrangement of the character described, the combination with means for receiving electric'oscillations, of a vacuum tube containing a gaseous medium and also containing a cathode, having an auxiliary battery connected with it for heating the cathode to ionize the gaseous medium, and an anode and an auxiliary anode interposed between said cathode and anode; an electric circuit containing said receiving means, said auxiliary anode and said cathode,,whereby said oscillations aid the ion current between the cathode and auxiliary anode when oscillating in one direction, butwveaken sald current when oscillating m the other direction; a second electric circuit,

containing a'source of direct current, a primary transformer coil and having connection with said anode and cathode, whereby the circuitis closed by said gaseous medium,

so th t in said second circuit pulsations of the same frequency but large amplltude are produced; and a deteetor-cir it containing a transformer coil coupled-with said firstnamed coil, a detector and means for perceiving said oscillationsof larger amplitude.

5. In an :arrangement of the character described, the combination with means for receiving electric oscillations, of a vacuum tube containing agaseous atmosphere, means for ionizing the gas, an electric clrcult operatively connected with said receiving means and containing the secondary coil of a trans- ,former, a condenser, connected in parallel .With'the coil ofvsaid transformer, and the ionized gas in order to allow the oscillat ons toflow over said condenser through the 1onized gas; a second circuit comprising a source of current and the prlmary coil of a second transformer, a second condenser connected in parallel with the latter coll, acoil of a third transformer, and also comprising the ionized gas for producing in this c1rcu1t direct currentpulsations of the same frequency as said oscillations, but of larger amplitude; and a detector-circuit, comprising a transformer coil, coupled with the said coilof the third transformer and containing a detector for producing low frequency p sations, said detector-circuit being connected with the primary coil of the said firsttrans- I former, this transformer which conducts the detector currents, but of larger amplitude;

19 and means connected with the secondary coil of said second transformer for perceiving said largergcurrents of low frequency.

In testimony whereof, we aifix our sigmatures in the presence of two witnesses.

WILHELM SCHLOEMILCH. OTTO v. BRONK.

Witnesses HENRY HASPER, WoLnEMAn Hem-r. 

